Data Citation
To acknowledge the scientists who have provided data, we [ORNL DAAC] request that you include a bibliographic citation to all
ORNL DAAC data that you use in your publications. Such citations will help others find the data and see how the
data have been used. Please use the following citation for the Global River Discharge (RivDis)
dataset:
Vorosmarty, C. J., B. M. Fekete, and B. A. Tucker. 1998. Global River Discharge, 1807-1991, V[ersion]. 1.1 (RivDIS). Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Send Reprints to ORNL
Please send us [ORNL DAAC] one reprint of each of your publications that use data from the ORNL DAAC.
If reprints are not available, we [ORNL DAAC] request a bibliographic citation to your work. From such
information, we can better tell the user community how the data have been used, and we [ORNL DAAC] can
keep our product-related references current. Please contact ORNL DAAC
for instructions about mailing reprints.
Vorosmarty, C. J., B. M. Fekete, and B. A. Tucker. 1998. Global River Discharge, 1807-1991, V[ersion]. 1.1 (RivDIS). Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Parameter | Description | Range | Units | Source |
AREA | Area of the basin as reported by UNESCO. |   | [km^2] | Map |
BASIN | The basin in which the station is located as reported by UNESCO. |   |   | Map |
BASN_STN | The basin in which the station is located as determined from the Simulated Topology Network (STN) at 30-minute resolution. |   |   | Map/GIS |
CONT | The continent in which the station is located. |   |   | Map |
COUNTRY | The country in which the station is located. |   |   | Map |
DISCHRG | The average water flow for the month. |   | [m^3][sec^-1] | Field |
ELEV | The station elevation as reported by UNESCO. |   | [m] | Map |
LAT | Latitude of the station. North latitude is positive and south latitude is negative. |   | [deg] | Map/GIS |
LON | Longitude of the station. East longitude is positive and west longitude is negative. |   | [deg] | Map/GIS |
MAPCODE | An index to the maps published in the UNESCO reports. |   |   |   |
MONTH | The month of the observation. | 1: January
2: February 3: March 4: April 5: May 6: June 7: July 8: August 9: September 10: October 11: November 12: December |
  | Field |
NXT_PNT | The POINTID of the next station downstream as determined from the Simulated Topology Network (STN) for reliable stations only. |   |   | GIS |
OCEAN | The ocean into which the river discharges. |   |   | Map/GIS |
POINTID | The station identifier designating the location of the observations. |   |   |   |
REASON | Comments about why a station is suspect. |   |   |   |
RELIABLE | A flag denoting whether the station's discharge data is reliable or suspect. | 0: Suspect
1: Reliable |
  |   |
RIVER | The river on which the station is located. |   |   | Map |
STATION | The name of the station. |   |   | Field |
YEAR | The year of the observation. |   |   | Field |
POINTID STATION RIVER LAT LON MAPCODE ELEV COUNTRY ------- ------- ----- --- --- ------- ---- ------- 2 Kibassi Djoua 4.22 15.00 D4 300 Congo 4 Lahore Wina 7.00 13.00 D4 1048 Cameroon 5 Safel Niari -3.95 13.76 D5 150 Congo 10 Bangui Oubangui 4.37 18.50 D4 336 Central African Republic CONT OCEAN BASIN BASN_STN AREA NXT_PNT ---- ----- ----- -------- ---- ------- Africa Atlantic Ocean Congo Zaire 5240 14 Africa Sanaga 1690 Africa Atlantic Ocean Kouilou Kouilou 8620 1456 Africa Atlantic Ocean Congo Zaire 500000 948 RELIABLE REASON -------- ------ 1 0 Area is less than 2000 km2 1 1Measurements File
POINTID YEAR MONTH DISCHRG ------- ---- ----- ------- 2 1969 1 117.0 2 1969 2 119.0 4 1953 8 56.1 4 1953 9 87.1 4 1953 10 84.0 5 1972 1 176.0 5 1972 2 164.0 10 1943 5 1110.0 10 1943 6 2210.0 10 1943 7 3550.0
The parameters are defined in the Data Characteristics Section.
1. The original UNESCO published records were keypunched in duplicate.
2. The duplicate files were compared and the differences resolved by consulting the original records.
3. The computerized files were checked against the Global Runoff Data Center records (available through the National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado) and the differences were resolved.
4. The time series of discharge measurements were plotted for each station and checked for unusual and extreme values. The suspect values were compared to the original published records.
5. The geographic locations and consistency of the contributing areas were checked using a geographic information system (GIS) at the University of New Hampshire's Global Hydrological Archive and Analysis System (GHAAS).
(a) Errors in station attributes such as latitude, longitude, or basin area;
(b) Differences in naming conventions that created difficulties in the error checking procedures;
(c) Typographical errors in keyboarding the published source material; and
(d) Errors in the original source material.
The measurement data were also reviewed. When published reports were available, an independent comparison was made between the keypunched entries and the published values. The computed runoff values were examined for extreme or unreasonable values. Time series plots of the discharge data were reviewed to identify outliers. The discovery of any inconsistencies were grounds for a more careful analysis of suspect sites and measurements.
Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or FAX. Data is also available via the World Wide Web at http://www.daac.ornl.gov.
These data are available from the ORNL DAAC. Please contact the ORNL DAAC User Services Office for the most current information about these data.
Dingman, S.L. 1994. Physical Hydrology. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 575 pp.
Vorosmarty, C.J., B.M. Fekete, and B.A. Tucker. 1996a. Global River
Discharge Database (RivDIS v1.0), Vol. 0: Introduction, Overview, and
Technical Notes. International Hydrological Programme, United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris, France.
Vorosmarty, C.J., B.M. Fekete, and B.A. Tucker. 1996b. Global River Discharge Database (RivDIS v1.0), Vol. 1: Africa. International Hydrological Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris, France.
Vorosmarty, C.J., B.M. Fekete, and B.A. Tucker. 1996c. Global River Discharge Database (RivDIS v1.0), Vol. 2: Asia. International Hydrological Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris, France.
Vorosmarty, C.J., B.M. Fekete, and B.A. Tucker. 1996d. Global River Discharge Database (RivDIS v1.0), Vol. 3: Europe. International Hydrological Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris, France.
Vorosmarty, C.J., B.M. Fekete, and B.A. Tucker. 1996e. Global River Discharge Database (RivDIS v1.0), Vol. 4: North America. International Hydrological Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris, France.
Vorosmarty, C.J., B.M. Fekete, and B.A. Tucker. 1996f. Global River Discharge Database (RivDIS v1.0), Vol. 5: South America. International Hydrological Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris, France.
Vorosmarty, C.J., B.M. Fekete, and B.A. Tucker. 1996g. Global River Discharge Database (RivDIS v1.0), Vol. 6: Oceania. International Hydrological Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris, France.
Vorosmarty, C.J., K. Sharma, B.M. Fekete, A.H. Copeland, J. Holden, J. Marble, and J.A. Lough. 1997a. The storage and aging of continential runoff in large reservoir systems of the world. Ambio 26:210-219.
Vorosmarty, C.J., M. Meybeck, B.M. Fekete, and K. Sharma. 1997b. The potential impact of neo-Castorization on sediment transport by the global network of rivers. In: D. Walling and J.L. Probst (eds.) Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation. IAHS Press, Wallingford UK, pp 261-273.